Mathematics that unifies
Understanding the relations between different branches of pure mathematics, and creating overarching theories that bind them together.
Mathematics is central to theoretical research, and advancing pure mathematics advances science itself. This is especially true for mathematics that unifies seemingly unconnected fields.
Dualities play a key role in how we form insights. Examples include the Langlands programme, monstrous moonshine, the ADE classification and dualities across quantum field and string theories. We investigate extensions of these, and develop their consequences. Can we develop other dualities, especially ones that exploit our intuition for geometry and arithmetic?
To bring rigour to network science, we investigate graphical notions of geometry and topology compatible with their continuum analogues. We develop a theory of statistical inference suitable for high dimensions, which is the basis for much of artificial intelligence. There are compelling arguments for a computational understanding of the universe, and we seek mathematical insights into the scope and limits of computation, particularly the output of simple rules.
Embedding pure mathematics within theoretical science keeps theorists abreast of the latest tools, and inspires mathematicians to take up new directions. Can we re-conceive mathematics as a core part of science, rather than an adjunct, thereby ensuring it is favoured and funded in proportion to its value?
Related papers
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ArxivGroup representations
A general approach to proving the irreducibility of representations of infinite-dimensional groups within the frame of Ismagilov's conjecture.
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ArxivReinforcing spectra
We show reinforcement learning can be used to check whether a certain class of quantum field theory has a finite spectrum of stable particles.
Regularising CRT
Charge conjugation C, space reflection R, and time-reversal T operators are regularised in a quantum many-body Hilbert space on a discrete lattice.
An 8-fold way for CRT
Varying the spacetime dimensions fermions occupy shows charge-conjugation C, space-reflection R and time-reversal T symmetries are 8-fold periodic.
C, P and T in fractions
Charge-conjugation, space-parity and time-reversal symmetries are shown to form noncommutative groups, including the order-16 Pauli group.
Common energies
A polynomial criterion is obtained for a set to have a small doubling, expressed in terms of the common additive energy of its subsets.
Linearising actions
We give a solution of the linearisation problem in the Cremona group of rank two over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
Futaki for reflexives
We compute Futaki invariants for gauge theories from D3-branes that probe toric Calabi-Yau singularities arising from reflexive polytopes.
A kicked polaron
Modelling the final state of a mobile impurity particle immersed in a one-dimensional quantum fluid after the abrupt application of a force.
Infinite parallelotope
We study the geometry of finite dimensional space as the dimension grows to infinity with an accent on the height of the parallelotope.
The popularity gap
A cyclic group with small difference set has a nonzero element for which the second largest number of representations is twice the average.
Quadratic residues
Additive combinatorics sheds light on the distribution of the set of squares in the prime field, revealing a new upper bound for the number of gaps.
Counting recursive divisors
Three new closed-form expressions give the number of recursive divisors and ordered factorisations, which were until now hard to compute.
Recursive divisor properties
The recursive divisor function has a simple Dirichlet series that relates it to the divisor function and other standard arithmetic functions.
Computing Sasakians
Topological quantities for the Calabi-Yau link construction of G2 manifolds are computed and machine learnt with high performance scores.
Representation for sum-product
A new way to estimate indices via representation theory reveals links to the sum-product phenomena and Zaremba’s conjecture in number theory.
Genetic polytopes
Genetic algorithms, which solve optimisation problems in a natural selection-inspired way, reveal previously unconstructed Calabi-Yau manifolds.
Kauffman cracked
Surprisingly, the number of attractors in the critical Kauffman model with connectivity one grows exponentially with the size of the network.
Analysing amoebae
Genetic symbolic regression methods reveal the relationship between amoebae from tropical geometry and the Mahler measure from number theory.
Ungrouped machines
A new connection between continued fractions and the Bourgain–Gamburd machine reveals a girth-free variant of this widely-celebrated theorem.
Sum-product with few primes
For a finite set of integers with few prime factors, improving the lower bound on its sum and product sets affirms the Erdös-Szemerédi conjecture.
On John McKay
This obituary celebrates the life and work of John Keith Stuart McKay, highlighting the mathematical miracles for which he will be remembered.
Higher energies
Generalising the recent Kelley–Meka result on sets avoiding arithmetic progressions of length three leads to developments in the theory of the higher energies.
Random Chowla conjecture
The distribution of partial sums of a Steinhaus random multiplicative function, of polynomials in a given form, converges to the standard complex Gaussian.
Symmetric spatial curves
We study the geometry of generic spatial curves with a symmetry in order to understand the Galois group of a family of sparse polynomials.
AI for arithmetic curves
AI can predict invariants of low genus arithmetic curves, including those key to the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture—a millennium prize problem.
Multiplicative loops
The dynamics of the Kauffman network can be expressed as a product of the dynamics of its disjoint loops, revealing a new algebraic structure.
Gauge theory and integrability
The algebra of a toric quiver gauge theory recovers the Bethe ansatz, revealing the relation between gauge theories and integrable systems.
Algebra of melting crystals
Certain states in quantum field theories are described by the geometry and algebra of melting crystals via properties of partition functions.
Set additivity and growth
The additive dimension of a set, which is the size of a maximal dissociated subset, is closely connected to the rapid growth of higher sumsets.
Mahler measure for quivers
Mahler measure from number theory is used for the first time in physics, yielding “Mahler flow” which extrapolates different phases in QFT.
Recursively divisible numbers
Recursively divisible numbers are a new kind of number that are highly divisible, whose quotients are highly divisible, and so on, recursively.
Transitions in loopy graphs
The generation of large graphs with a controllable number of short loops paves the way for building more realistic random networks.
QFT and kids’ drawings
Groethendieck's “children’s drawings”, a type of bipartite graph, link number theory, geometry, and the physics of conformal field theory.
Energy bounds for roots
Bounds for additive energies of modular roots can be generalised and improved with tools from additive combinatorics and algebraic number theory.
Ample and pristine numbers
Parallels between the perfect and abundant numbers and their recursive analogs point to deeper structure in the recursive divisor function.
Bursting dynamic networks
A mathematical model captures the temporal and steady state behaviour of networks whose two sets of nodes either generate or destroy links.
Hypercube eigenvalues
Hamming balls, subgraphs of the hypercube, maximise the graph’s largest eigenvalue exactly when the dimension of the cube is large enough.
Exactly solvable random graphs
An explicit analytical solution reproduces the main features of random graph ensembles with many short cycles under strict degree constraints.
Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem analogue
A random analogue of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem sheds light on its stability in an area of parameter space which has not yet been explored.
Spin systems on Bethe lattices
Exact equations for the thermodynamic quantities of lattices made of d-dimensional hypercubes are obtainable with the Bethe-Peierls approach.
Maximum percolation time
A simple formula gives the maximum time for an n x n grid to become entirely infected having undergone a bootstrap percolation process.
Random graphs with short loops
The analysis of real networks which contain many short loops requires novel methods, because they break the assumptions of tree-like models.
Entropies of graph ensembles
Explicit formulae for the Shannon entropies of random graph ensembles provide measures to compare and reproduce their topological features.
Percolation on Galton-Watson trees
The critical probability for bootstrap percolation, a process which mimics the spread of an infection in a graph, is bounded for Galton-Watson trees.
Random close packing fractions
Lognormal distributions (and mixtures of same) are a useful model for the size distribution in emulsions and sediments.
Unbiased randomization
Unbiased randomisation processes generate sophisticated synthetic networks for modelling and testing the properties of real-world networks.
Tailored random graph ensembles
New mathematical tools quantify the topological structure of large directed networks which describe how genes interact within a cell.
Ever-shrinking spheres
Techniques from random sphere packing predict the dimension of the Apollonian gasket, a fractal made up of non-overlapping hyperspheres.
Random cellular automata
Of the 256 elementary cellular automata, 28 of them exhibit random behavior over time, but spatio-temporal currents still lurk underneath.