A. Stepanenko

M. Di Liberto

Modelling the behaviour of two interacting bosonic particles in a chiral, dimerized optical lattice shows the pair form a vortex bound state.

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are powerful platforms for simulating many-body correlated quantum systems. In this work, we describe the properties of two bosons in a dimerized, chiral lattice and explore how the interacting particles are affected by time-reversal symmetry breaking. Our results reveal the emergence of vortex-bound states and we propose protocols to prepare them and measure their chirality.

Lattice models display bound states for repulsive interactions that smoothly connect to high-energy two-particle states of doubly occupied sites, namely doublons, for strong onsite interactions. In this work, we show that a distinct type of repulsively bound states, namely vortex bound states of two bosons, appear in dimerized square lattices pierced by a uniform π-flux for moderate interactions. By focusing on a ladder geometry as an illustrative example, we characterize their properties, including chirality-changing decay channels induced by flux detuning, and we develop protocols to perform state preparation in optical lattices via adiabatic sequences or recently developed current imprinting methods. Finally, we show how to measure currents and thus chirality by quenching the system onto isolated pairs of nearest-neighbor sites and then sampling the corresponding dynamics. These results can also provide an experimentally realistic strategy for state preparation and probing of chiral gapped many-body phases in optical lattices.

Vortex bound states

Vortex bound states in dimerized π-flux optical lattices: characterization, state preparation and current measurement