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In a deep-layered machine, each node in the network is a Boolean function of all the nodes below it. We derive the exact distribution of the global output given a random assignment of Boolean functions to the local nodes, and confirm our prediction through extensive experiments. As the network depth increases, the distribution changes in two ways: it becomes exponentially biased towards preferred outputs, and the outputs true and false dominate, eventually drowning out everything else. These opposing forces give rise to a critical network depth, at which the distribution is maximally biased.
Arxiv (2026)